What process reduces the final volume of waste materials?

The process that reduces the final volume of waste materials is achieved through both compaction and maceration.

Compaction involves applying pressure to waste materials to compress them, which reduces the space they occupy. This is commonly utilized in waste management to minimize the overall volume of solid waste, making it easier to store, transport, and manage.

Maceration, on the other hand, involves breaking down waste materials into smaller pieces, often using blades or other mechanical means, which also helps to decrease the overall volume. This process not only reduces the size of the waste but can also facilitate further treatment processes, such as anaerobic digestion or composting, by increasing the surface area and making it easier for microorganisms to break down the organic material.

Together, these methods effectively reduce the overall volume of waste materials, making the answer that both compaction and maceration contribute to this reduction accurate.