What major health issue is associated with uranium mining?

Uranium mining is primarily associated with an increased risk of lung cancer due to the inhalation of radon gas and other airborne radioactive particles that can be released during the mining process. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate in mines, particularly those involved in uranium extraction. Long-term exposure to high levels of radon is a well-documented risk factor for lung cancer, making it a prominent health concern for miners and others who are exposed.

The mining process can also release dust containing uranium and its decay products, which, when inhaled, can further contribute to lung cancer risk. This link between uranium mining and lung cancer is supported by various studies and health assessments that analyze occupational exposure data and cancer statistics among miners.

While other health issues may arise from uranium mining, such as those related to skin exposure or other types of cancer, the strongest and most direct correlation in scientific literature is with lung cancer. Thus, this makes it the most significant health issue associated with uranium mining.