What is desalination?

Desalination refers to the process of converting seawater or brackish water into freshwater. This process is essential in regions where freshwater resources are scarce, often due to geographical limitations or increased demand from growing populations. Desalination techniques, such as reverse osmosis and distillation, remove salts and other impurities, making the water suitable for drinking and irrigation.

This method is increasingly important in addressing water scarcity issues and ensuring a reliable supply of clean water for residential, agricultural, and industrial uses. The other options provided do not accurately describe desalination, as they focus on different aspects of water quality and classifications of water sources.