What is a significant consequence of pesticide misuse?

Pest resistance is a significant consequence of pesticide misuse due to the development of resistance among pest populations to the chemicals used against them. When pesticides are applied improperly, such as through excessive use, insufficient application rates, or inadequate rotation of different pesticide classes, pests can develop survival traits that render the chemicals ineffective. This issue arises because the pests that have a natural resistance to the pesticide survive and reproduce, leading to a new generation that is also resistant. Over time, this can result in populations of pests that are much harder to control, necessitating the use of stronger or more toxic chemicals, which can further exacerbate the problem and lead to a cycle of increasing resistance.

In contrast, the other choices imply positive outcomes or benefits that aren't associated with pesticide misuse. Increased crop yields may occur with the correct and judicious use of pesticides but are not a direct consequence of misuse. Similarly, lower application costs and improved nutrient absorption are not linked to the improper use of pesticides and can actually lead to negative economic and ecological consequences instead.