Venturi scrubbers, spray nozzles and packed towers are examples of what type of waste treatment methods?

The correct answer is absorption. Venturi scrubbers, spray nozzles, and packed towers are all designed to remove pollutants from gases or vapors by utilizing the principle of absorption. In this process, a liquid is introduced to a gas stream containing contaminants; the liquid absorbs the pollutants, which can include gases and aerosols, effectively reducing their concentration in the gas phase.

In a Venturi scrubber, gas is forced through a narrowing section of the apparatus, creating a vacuum that draws in liquid. This liquid then interacts with the contaminants, allowing for effective absorption. Similarly, spray nozzles atomize the liquid, maximizing the surface area for contact with the pollutant-laden air. Packed towers enhance this interaction by providing a large surface area for absorption through packing materials that facilitate the contact between the gas and the liquid.

Understanding absorption and its application in these types of equipment is crucial for effective air pollution control in various industrial processes. The presence of the liquid plays a pivotal role in capturing and removing harmful substances from the gas stream, aligning perfectly with the function of absorption technologies.