The first state to implement a motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program was:

The correct answer highlights the historical significance of New Jersey in adopting a motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program. In the context of environmental health and public safety, New Jersey was the first state to establish such a program in the early 1970s as part of efforts to reduce air pollution from vehicles. This initiative aimed to ensure that motor vehicles met specific emissions standards, contributing to improved air quality, public health, and environmental protection.

In contrast, while California is often recognized for its stringent vehicle emissions standards and progressive environmental policies, it was not the first to implement a systematic inspection program. New York and Illinois also have important roles in vehicle regulations; however, their programs were initiated after New Jersey's pioneering efforts. Thus, New Jersey's early adoption of an inspection and maintenance program set a precedent for other states, reflecting a proactive approach to combating vehicular pollution and safeguarding public health.