Some common pathogenic organisms found in wastewater can survive harsh temperature extremes for more than how long?

Pathogenic organisms commonly found in wastewater, such as certain bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, can indeed survive harsh temperature extremes for extended periods. Research has shown that some of these microorganisms can endure conditions that would typically be lethal to other forms of life. Specifically, many pathogenic bacteria can persist in environments like wastewater for several months to years, depending on the specific organism and environmental conditions. The ability of these pathogens to survive for more than 2 years in less than ideal environments underscores the importance of proper wastewater treatment and management practices. Effective handling and treatment strategies are crucial in preventing the spread of infectious diseases associated with these pathogens. This survival duration is particularly significant for public health professionals and environmental sanitarians who work to mitigate risks associated with wastewater and its potential to spread diseases.