Quality control of milk includes which of the following components?

Quality control of milk is a comprehensive process that encompasses various stages from production to consumption, ensuring that the milk remains safe, fresh, and of high quality. Each component listed plays a critical role in maintaining milk quality.

Transportation is important because it affects the temperature and integrity of the milk during movement from farms to processing plants. Effective herd health management ensures that cows are healthy, which directly impacts the quality of the milk produced.

Milk handling and processing are vital to reducing contamination risks. Proper handling techniques during milking and transport to processing facilities help to maintain hygiene, while processing methods, such as pasteurization, are essential for eliminating pathogens and increasing shelf life.

Distribution refers to the delivery of milk to retailers and consumers, and it must be conducted under strict temperature controls to prevent spoilage. Refrigeration is necessary at all stages post-processing to keep milk fresh and to inhibit bacterial growth.

In recognizing that each of these components is critical to the overall quality control of milk, the correct answer encompasses all these aspects, reflecting the interconnectedness of the processes involved in maintaining the safety and quality of milk throughout its journey.