______ involves the chemistry, physics, and dynamics of the atmosphere and its direct effects on earth's surface.

Meteorology is the scientific study that focuses on the atmosphere, including its chemistry, physics, and dynamics, as well as the direct effects these elements have on Earth's surface. This discipline encompasses the analysis of weather patterns, atmospheric conditions, and how these factors influence the environment, climate, and even human activities.

By understanding meteorology, professionals can better predict weather changes, assess their impact on ecological systems, and address concerns related to environmental health, such as air quality and climate change. This comprehensive understanding of atmospheric phenomena is vital for making informed decisions in various fields, including environmental health, agriculture, and urban planning.

While topography pertains to the physical features of the Earth's surface and micrometeorology focuses specifically on small-scale meteorological phenomena, neither of these captures the broad scope of atmospheric science that meteorology encompasses.