Facultative bacteria can

Facultative bacteria are versatile microorganisms that have the capability to survive and grow in both oxygen-rich (aerobic) and oxygen-poor (anaerobic) environments. This adaptability allows them to thrive in a variety of ecological niches and conditions. The presence of oxygen does not inhibit their growth; rather, they can switch metabolic pathways depending on the availability of oxygen. In aerobic conditions, they typically utilize aerobic respiration, which is more efficient for energy production. When oxygen is scarce, they can shift to anaerobic processes, such as fermentation, to generate energy. This dual capability makes facultative bacteria important in various environmental and industrial processes, as they can function optimally under fluctuating conditions.

The other choices do not accurately describe facultative bacteria. The ability to live only under aerobic conditions pertains to obligate aerobes, while the question regarding moisture and living only in the soil does not specifically characterize facultative bacteria. Instead, facultative bacteria can be found in multiple habitats, including water, soil, and as part of the microbiota in living organisms.